When victims apologise to the executioner

Andrew M. Mwenda I was in Kigali last week when the Rwanda government released the report on “The Investigation into the crash of the Dassault Falcon 50 on April 6, 1994 carrying former President Juvenal Hanyarimana.” It was both a triumph and a humiliation for the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF), the citizens of Rwanda and the people of Africa.

It was a triumph because after years of speculation, misinformation and lies an investigations committee released a meticulously researched report based on two years on good work. The committee travelled in Africa, Europe and North America to interview those who knew anything about Habyarimana’s death.

It interviewed eye witnesses at Kanombe airport including people in the control tower that night; then diplomats, UNAMIR officials, ballistic experts etc. Over 600 people were interviewed. It also combed all judicial documents that were in the public domain.

From this extensive work, the conclusion was that Habyarimana’s plane was shot down by a missile fired from the military camp at Kanombe airport which housed the presidential guard. Nothing was surprising because anyone who cared already knew that Habyarimana was killed by his own soldiers. Gen. Romeo Dallaire who commanded UNAMIR during the genocide has published what he witnessed in his book, Shake Hands with the Devil.

On the night the plane was shot, there was a meeting at army headquarters chaired by Theostene Bagosora who had taken control of government under the guise of a “Crisis Committee”. They were waiting to hear the final report from the airport. Finally, someone called and an officer of the Rwandan army picked the phone. Upon receiving the report, he turned with a face beaming with an undisguised smile and reported to Bagosora and everyone else that Habyarimana was actually dead.

It should have been clear to anyone even with basic information about how Habyarimana died that the RPF did not have the capacity, the opportunity and the self interest to kill him anyway. The RPF was located at parliamentary buildings in Kigali, a long distance from the airport that did not give them clear sight of any plane landing there. In the charged atmosphere in Kigali at that time, it would have been suicidal for Tutsi officers to begin moving around with missiles.

Yet any RPF officer should have been proud to kill Habyarimana. It is a great honour in any military conflicts to kill your enemy. In Rwanda of April 1994, Habyarimana was planning the mass extermination of Tutsi. The RPF was largely commanded by Tutsi officers. Their greatest triumph would have been to kill the man planning their extermination. Sadly, Hutu extremists snatched this prize from them. The RPF should be angry that they lost the opportunity. Instead, here was RPF struggling to exonerate itself from Habyarimana’s death.

Thus, as I sat in the press conference listening to the Rwandan officials explain details of their findings, I wept. Regardless of whatever the RPF can say, it was the ultimate humiliation. Here were victims of genocide desperately trying to exonerate themselves from allegations that they killed a man who had been plotting their extermination.

Habyarimana was a villain – a president who organised the mass slaughter of over one million of his own citizens. He established a private FM radio station, Mille Collin, which constantly broadcast calls for the mass extermination of Tutsis and any Hutu suspected of harbouring sympathy for them. He had a newspaper, Kangura, which conducted an effective genocide sensitisation campaign. Habyarimana also trained a militia, the Interahamwe for mass murder.

Elsewhere, such a criminal minded president would be a target for legitimate assassination – just like Adolf Hitler was during the World War 11 or Saddam Hussein during the US invasion of Iraq. The difference is Habyarimana was a president of a poor country Rwanda, located in Africa and populated by poor people. But he was also an ally of a rich and powerful nation based in Western Europe, France.

The plane on which Hanyarimana had been given to him by France; the crew on board the ill-fated flight were French. The army that defended Habyarimana was trained by France; its battles were sometimes commanded by French army officers. The weapons used to kill Tutsis were supplied by France or bought with French financial aid.

Even in the midst of the genocide, France did not give up. Under the guise of Operation Taqoeurse, the French army entered Rwanda and provided a safe passage for the Rwandan army and interahamwe to escape. It proceeded to provide weapons and ammunition to this criminal army inside Zaire, now Congo hoping to topple the RPF government. Up until recently, France has been trying to avenge the death of his mass murderer. Let us not forget that the investigation by the Rwanda government into Habyarimana’s death were launched after a French judge, Jean-Louis Bruguiere, indicted top RPF leaders in 2008 for killing France’s beloved allay.

On September 11th 2001, Osama bin Laden killed only 3,000 Americans. As a consequence, “the world changed”: the US got the right to invade and occupy other nations. It got the right to take fingerprints of any person entering its territory, to force other nations and banks to open all financial details of every person to US security services. It got the right to kill – pre-emptively – anyone it suspects of trying to harm Americans.

Some have argued that it is Habyarimana’s death that “caused” the genocide. Yet for three years, Habyarimana planned genocide against Tutsis and anyone who was suspected to be sympathetic to them. Arms were procured, militias trained, lists of people to kill drawn, radios and newspapers controlled by him were spewing genocide propaganda daily, calling on Hutus to wait for a signal to begin killing every Tutsi.

What rights do the people of Rwanda have under international law to punish France for sponsoring genocide in their country? Instead, France is projecting Habyarimana as a victim and his victims as the guilty party. Assuming a plane had bombed Hitler’s bunker and killed the psychopathic German leader during the Second World War. Would the allies – Britain and the United States – have spent years struggling to “clear” their name for his death? Africa should begin thinking.

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The hidden hand is at work always!
written by MABO, January 27, 2010

The trauma Rwandese people went through is un too much to comprehend.The fact tht they are just two tribes wth same language would have been a good factor to unite them. Wht really makeds them un tolerant to each other(unity in deversity) if the current leaders(RPF) fails to cultivate this,all the hyped success & dvpt publicised by the ferocious media platforms(spin doctors/handlers) will be put to waste one day. Let the hutu & tutsi soberly & honestly sow seeds of unity,short of tht the inevitable will happen again as the adage goes tht history repeats its self its only the players/stake holders tht differ. For God & my country.

-1

Habyarimana and Museveni are the same.
written by Justus, January 27, 2010

The same ingredients that existed in Habyarimana’s Rwanda exit in the Uganda of Museveni today. The Bahima Vs the rest. Unlike Rwanda, which has mainly two tribes, Uganda is privileged to have many tribes a factor that causes a bit of stability. Museveni is heading in the same direction we would have already seen what happened in Rwanda happening in Uganda had it not been for many tribes. A look at the privileges Bahima have in the army, economy etc, just because they are Bahima tells it all.

contn
written by Justus, January 27, 2010

But one question I would like to ask: Like France & Habyarimana, UK and US have continually provided military and financial support to Museveni despite the genocide he has committed to the people of northern Uganda, wide spread killings by his agencies, abuse of human rights etc. So, should that mean the US and the UK are supporting Museveni to kill, Or he should be held to account as a president, who instead of ‘ruling’ his people resorted to killing them? I hope one day we will try these people in Uganda like what Rwanda has done to those who killed with impunity in Habyarimana’s time.

Spin on Andrew
written by Politi Fact, January 27, 2010

Question- Why did it take an indictment of the RPF leaders (Rose Kabuye, Kabarebe and a differred Kagame one) by a Judge before this investigation was launched?. And then we have an RPF sponsored investigation exonerating the RPF and we are supposed to be surprised!. Some facts will never change inspite all the spin by Mwenda and other Kagame agents - The war which was launced by Kagame & Co in 1990, sparked off the genocide. They are all as guilty as Habyarimana. I would Challenge the FPF and their Spin Doctor Mwenda to investigate the genocide that took place in Congo when the RPA went there!.

...
written by Major Adam Kifaliso, January 27, 2010

m7 - Kagame versus Kayira -Habyarimana , both look to share the same virdict and from experts from UK ehh ?????

Cant believe
written by Kapipo, January 27, 2010

I cant believe what I have just read! Andrew,you've lost all the respect and admiration I had for you.What a shame! You had captured the attention of most Ugandans especially the under 50s because of your principled,intelligent,well researched investigative journalism about Ugandan affairs.Most of us who have been fans cant believe how you have surrendered all principles because of earthly gain.You were assured of going into history books as someone who spearheaded the crusade against corruption,injustice and general misrule.Unfortunately,your naked biased reporting about Rwanda affairs has completely exposed you and ultimately compromised your integrity.Good luck

those are facts
written by kalyango paul, January 28, 2010

mr kapipo, what Mwenda is talking about is a true fact.....,i dont think mr. kapipo u took the time to read and finish what Mwenda was talking about. i have been to Rwanda recently and if u have not been there...,please make that visit. and surely Africa should begin thinking. we are bullied by these so called big powers.

MONEY CAN CHANGE ANYTHING
written by Dalton Kaweesa, January 28, 2010

If the world ever needs a testimony of how money can change everything, we should never look beyond Mwenda. Although he is still a respected analyst in the realm of economics, he has lately become a bad example. These days Andrew weeps a lot( another code of pretenders) but to the issue, can a monkey determine a forest's fate

"The monkey has to side with the forest" so goes a proverb
written by Birungi, January 28, 2010

Mwenda was paid by the Rwandese RPF/Kagame to be their spin doctor. An investigation launched by Kagame 's government could not have implicated him and/or his agents.

Read the report before you spew hate
written by Efia, January 29, 2010

I notice that no one has been able to coherently challenge the facts uncovered by the Mutsinzi report - must be because 1) no one bothered to read it and 2) even if they did - the meticulously collected evidence is so overwhleming in favour of the conclusion - Habyarimana was killed by his own, and the French were heavily implicated. Period. So what if Mutsinzi is linked to the RPF? The government was asked to investigate and it did. I understand how much easier it is to create diversion by attacking the messenger blindly, and I feel for the lazy and ignorant among us.

...
written by Mukasa eddie, January 29, 2010

Mwenda, I fear for you! I think whenever in Rwanda, you need to watch your back. I would only dare to write an article like this if I am paid a hefty amount of money; money that is enough for my burial and for assisting my aging mother while I am six feet under. You think you are clever, but I think you are stupid to allow yourself to be used to write an article of this sort that puts you on collision course with many dangerous people. I think, blinded by money, you are travelling on a dangerous path

mr
written by oyo, January 29, 2010

Those who are attacking mwenda should do so by challenging facts he presents not empty personals insults. If kagame is doing well, he should be praised.
AS FOR CONGO massacre, with 2 millionrefugees, 100,000 ex-FAR and 100,000 miliatia waging cross-border attacks, going there to dismantle everything will be justified.
Come on, guys stop waging cheap, personal attacks against Mwenda

Respect this final verdict and move on
written by Des.M, January 29, 2010

I think the current gov't in Rwanda has set its record of being non-corrupt plus it determination to shake off that horrible jinx of genocide and move on. There is no doubt Rwanda ,led by the RPF is the most highly regarded govt in the great lakes region at the moment,therefore its verdict is right. Whoever is having a go at Mwenda are just a bunch of sad detractors.

Read the Report before you spew vitriol!
written by Mugwanya Solomon, January 30, 2010

it looks like not many commenters have read the report. I have. I urge all to read first, and comment later.

There is rightly a lot of hurt and emotion around this issue. Remember that most of the RPF are not only having to come to terms with the genocide of '94, but with 30-40 years of persecution. Under these circumstances, we should be fair and ask not whether Kagame is an angel or a devil, but rather how well he has managed as a human being, in such tough circumstances. My verdict: Exceedingly well, despite problems here and there. Continues...

Good work, Rwanda
written by Mugwanya Solomon, January 30, 2010

Continues from above...

As to the report: A masterpiece. The Rwandese have not only collated the evidence nicely, they have also convincingly fingered France for its involvement in a coverup in the immediate aftermath of the plane crash. This is a very important step because it denies France the moral backing of its crusade against the RPF.
To its credit, France has received the message loud and clear, and is now going out of its way to cozy up to Rwanda anew. Worth the price of humiliation? In the long run, I think so.

True
written by Daniel, January 30, 2010

Andrew, this is true. I find it hard to beleive that the RPF would have killed Habyarimana knowing full well the chaos his death would cause to them and everyone else. Such a killing could not have worked to their benefit.

It is a pity that many people will do and say anything to hide the truth.

I encourage fellwo readers to avoid using abusive language as we discuss. It does not help us at all smilies/angry.gif

East African integration is a bulwark against such a Rwanda madness
written by Ocheto, January 30, 2010

A better topic than debating the morose idea that homosexuals ought to be executed and their relatives imprisoned if they knowingly didn't rat their relatives for being gay. The Hutu were in a panic after they saw what happened in Uganda, after Kagame and Rwigyema had helped Museveni to power. The Hutu, who had onced being dominated by the Tutsi monarchy feared the repeat of history. And once the crazy politicians seized on it, it was a ticking time bomb. Also France feared Rwanda becoming anglais/english. Moreover after European colonialism/sectarianism/tribalism destroyed the trust - the cornerstone of African social formation - among the Hutus and Tutsi a perfect storm had brewed. But East African integration will help against a repeat of such a Rwanda madness.

RPF INVESTIGATING RPF???
written by Safari, January 31, 2010

Mwenda has lost the plot!
Yes, I've read the report and its another proof of how Paul Kagame,the criminal loves going back to the crime scene!
Are you havin' a laugh,how can a criminal investigate his own crimes?

When the devil plays the angel or God, expect more sinners.
written by Lakwena, February 01, 2010

It does not matter whether Abyarimana's plane was shot down by his own soldiers or the RPF. The fact or the truth is that it was president Museveni who armed the RPF to invade Rwanda. I wonder Museveni and his generals are being left out of this crime? Everything else is secondary. Another truth is that the RPF invasion triggered Tutsi xenophobia. The Hutu could not imagine once again to be subjected to the humiliation they suffered in the hands of Tutsi supremacist hegemony. Another truth is that there was a reverse genocide in DRC against Hutu. But nobody wants to talk about it. Another truth is that the RPF PR team is at its best. Remember Tony Blair now under investigation over Iraq is one of them. When the devil plays the angel or God, expect more sinners.

Lakwena, please take care to examine your assertions!
written by Mugwanya Solomon, February 01, 2010

Lakwena writes that the "RPF invasion triggered Tutsi xenophobia". Really? What about the 1959 massacres that exiled the tutsi? What caused that? So what if Museveni armed the RPF? He should have let them die? In what world can you imagine the NRA not supporting the RPF?

Also, it is not true that the "reverse genocide" of the Hutu in DRC is not talked about. Far from it. Stephen Kinzer's biography of Kagame for example, though a little less direct on the matter, does spend some time on it.

A vicious cycle vengeance!
written by Lakwena, February 01, 2010

Mr Mugwanya need I repeat myself? The 1959 massacres that exiled the Tutsi had a cause. The cause was due to domestic imperialism. That is; the inhumane treatment of majority Hutus by minority Tutsi monarchy period. Right here at home, it is the same reason the majority Bairu of Ankole resent the restoration of Ankole Kingdom (Hima Kingdom, through Prince Barigye).

...
written by Lakwena, February 01, 2010

Am I clear? Please, if the RPF did not invade Rwanda, the one million souls that perished in the genocide would still be alive today. Which is more important for you? Life or power: for a few Tutsi refugees to return forcefully and risk the lives of million other Tutsi and moderate Hutu by extension, or gradual and peaceful return? It was selfish and out of poor judgment by Museveni and the RPF to have returned forcefully. It has created a vicious cycle of vengeance, because the majority Hutu especially those in exile are not taking a lying down: humanly speaking vengeance can't be ruled out!

WHAT COULD'VE BEEN THE TRUTH?
written by OJA, February 01, 2010

The truth coul be that Habyarimana was killed by French conspirators thru the government army or by the RPF rebels. Who knows? The RPF being bred and nourished in Uganda have copied the Ugandan style of "denial" even if they are clear culprits. That's why the NRA have never accepted to have killed any single person in the north apart from Kony! Meanwhile I believe that Habyarimana was killed by his own army oiled by France. Any trouble in the world has its origin in France, UK and US, the colonialists, who like to impose themselves anywhere. They can support a bloody man to cause confusion anywhere. The difference is that they will never be prosecuted because they are the "almighty God!"

...
written by sekaganda, February 01, 2010

Lakwene 1959 both tutsi and hutu were under the belgian colonial rule so if any body was to pay for the misrule it shdnt have been the tutsi.
2. That Mutsinzi report shd have preceded the Brugeire report, i think in the circumstances the fregling RPF govt of the time didnt have the luxury and the priority of conducting this investigation as it had enough on its plate like providing shelter to orphans and widows as a result of Genocide etc

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Yes, Lakwena, you might be right, but you are still debating with the wind!
written by Mugwanya Solomon, February 02, 2010

Lakwena: Yes, if the RPF had not invaded, perhaps the '94 genocide wouldn't have happened. But that "if" is irrelevant. The Rwandese were going to invade. Your "if" is irrelevant because in the political climate of the time, there was no option but to invade: Rwandese were unloved in Uganda, yet highly trained, politicised/motivated soldiers; Habyarimana was weak, etc.

Moving on to the Hutu in the diaspora. Of course they want to come back and take vengeance. Even Kagame knows that. Which is why he is working so much harder on economic empowerment than others in the region: to deny future insurgents fertile ground for a rebellion. It might just work.

...
written by Lakwena, February 02, 2010

Mr. sekaganda, the Belgians were not the cause of the ethnic acrimony between the majority Hutu and the minority Tutsi in the African Great Lakes enclave; Uganda inclusive. They used it. You forget that before the Belgians colonized (imperialism) in Rwanda and Burundi, the Tutsi were already imperializing the majority Hutu. That is how you cannot separate the immediate causes of conflicts from the remote causes. And my friend, Mugwanya Solomon, don't be over simplistic. We Africans are fatalistic because we lack the sense or concept of strategy. And strategy is all about "what if", i.e. the law of probability and plan B. You make claim to Kagame's economic empowerment, but it is a bluff. It is not meant for the Hutus. It is to balance the power of number (Hutu).

...
written by Lakwena, February 02, 2010

Besides, no economic empowerment will erase away subjective ethnic prejudices and subsequent humiliation. The Human nature is very complex. That is why in the Middle East, for thousands of years and counting; between the Israels and Palestinians and elsewhere, where there is discrimination: it is all our rights or nothing! Why do you think Museveni and the NRM is resented in the North? He made his prejudice against Northerners known in black and white. Even if tomorrow he poured all the national resources in the north to appease the people, it will not erase the humiliation.

...
written by Ntwali, February 02, 2010

Lakwena unless one of your forefathers could have maliciously fed you with lies, there is no recorded fact where Rwandese could have carried out a genocide against fellow rwandese or any other community for that matter before 1959 which period u claim was under the tutsi imperialism. So false demonisation of tutsis will not exonerate genocideires whom you seem to be an ardent apologist. Otherwise which discrimination are you refering to? If there was discrimination prevailing you wouldnt witness a country at peace with itself and its neighbours as is the case to day. Otherwise relax and stop worying.

I agree
written by Safali, February 02, 2010

I agree with Andrew that the probe was a waste of time and money as people who follow the developments in Rwanda are divided into two categories; those who don't care who killed Habyarimana and those won't accept the findings of an investigation carried out the Rwanda Government. So why waste tax payers' money when there are more urgent problems to solve?!

...
written by Lakwena, February 02, 2010

Ntwali, you are over-reacting. Try and read submissions more carefully. Quote me, I did not mention anywhere that there was genocide against fellow Rwandese or any other community before 1959. Your problem is living in denial that ethnic prejudices and injustices; which breed conflicts along ethnic lines exist. If this was an examination, you would have flunked. In history the greatest injustices were committed by monarchs and their sycophants. They are cruel and foul.

That is the whole point, Safali is being penny wise and pound foolish
written by Ocheto, February 02, 2010

The whole point of "wasting time and money" on the findings is to make those who don't care, care, and those who wont accept the investigations, accept them. Otherwise why even hold them? Mwenda is an economist but sometimes he sounds like an accountant. What is the conomic value of the lives of a million tutsi and moderate hutu that were hacked to death by madmen? This happened only fiftneen years ago, yesterday! To keep defining democracy as a dictatorship of a majority is no longer acceptable. The minorities must have a say and rights not to be marginalised. As for the political chaos in Africa, colonialists have as much if not more blame for it as the sectarian, incapable african leadership, monarchists or not. The colonialists were more sectarian than even africans.

"What if" indeed
written by Mugwanya Solomon, February 03, 2010

Lakwena, let me try again: "What if" in this case is a purely academic question. For mind-stimulative purposes it may be useful, but the effect of such an exercise in practical terms (i.e. understanding where Rwanda is now) I think is still pretty much of no value. Regardless of the "remote causes" (and there is no denying them), the ingredients come 1990 were such that in invasion was arguably inevitable. And then the genocide followed. And so on. Now, how to move forward from that, if you are the RPF? Any ideas, Lakwena? Without retreating into vitriol and impractical what-iffing if you please!

"What if" is part of a process
written by Lakwena, February 03, 2010

Mr. Mugwanya Solomon, self-interest (motivation) versus social or public interest determines whether an act is for the lessor or greater good. Like for example, there are two types of courage: one is blind or unconscious and gets people killed. The other one is conscious and saves lives. The former courage is the NRA-RPF juvenile type that happened in Luwero, extended to Rwanda, Northern Uganda, DRC and Sudan; where millions of innocent people lost their lives. The latter is for example that of Mandela alias ANC type of courage that saved millions of South Africans Black and White lives. If Mandela and ANC acted foolishly, South Africa would have been the horror of the 20th and 21st century. "What if" is part of a constructive process.

...
written by Lakwena, February 03, 2010

What if Museveni rigs the 2011 election again? Should Ugandans go to the bush as he did in 1981? What if he didn't go to the bush, the sequence of historical events would have been completely different. May be he and Kagame would not presidents now. But we would not be arguing over who shot down Habyarimana's plane and subsequent genocide in Rwanda and the Great Lake region. If you are human enough "what if" matters!

Wise Ocheto!
written by safali, February 03, 2010

I think we agree on some of your points but I still fail to see how the minority's interests are served by spending the scarce resources on investigating how the architect of the genocide was killed. Rwanda was in a state of war and Habyaramina was a Commander in Chief of one of the two fighting parties and hence a legitimate target. So, to the victims of the genocide who killed and how Habyarimana died is inconsequencial. I think Andew's concern is not the economic value of the investigation but rather its moral value. To put it bluntly why bother to prove to the French and their minions that you didn't kill Habyarimana as if you were responsible for his security? Please read the article again before engaging in sloganeering.

...
written by MUGISHA, February 03, 2010

Where is the difference between BAGOSORA and Lakwena? They are both intellectuals. Bagosora is quoted to have said in 1993 after one round of negociations with the RPF in Arusha, that if RPF doesnt stop fighting, he was going to organise an apocalipsy aka Genocide back in Rwanda. Lakwena seems to justify the Genocide of an entire community simply because there are people who were resisting the injustices by the then Government. Ugandans shd watch out against their own Bagosora in the making.

A warning is not a crime!
written by Lakwena, February 03, 2010

MUGISHA, a warning is not an intention to commit a crime! I am appealing to reason not emotion. You are the people who don't want to take responsibility for your bad judgment and crime. But instead try to deflect or reverse the blame on the people who point out you grave errors. If in 1993, Museveni and Kagame- RPF took Bagosora warning seriously then the genocide wouldn't have happened. Rather you prefer to blame Bagosora because Museveni and Kagame did not heed to a deadly warning. Museveni and Kagame just wanted raw power and they got it at the price of 3 million lives. That is bloody and dirty power not worth defending! Please Mugisha, genocide does not happen out of the blue. If you are afraid of genocide then don't create conditions that precipitate it.

...
written by MUGISHA, February 03, 2010

Lakwena u are indeed Lakwena and u couldnt have a better name and/or a better way of looking at things. With all the passion and time u have spent reacting to each and every comment being made here, its clear that no amount of reason can change ur prejudice. This applied to Lakwena or indeed alqaida who believe that who ever does not convert to islam is an infidel and hence deserves death. Who else would join u in tolerating that for fear of being killed by Alquaida. Would u condemn the victim for being killed for defying Alquaida's directives. U can go ahead and vent ur steam!

...
written by Lakwena, February 03, 2010

MUGISHA, I have no steam to vent. I am sober like a judge. I respond to flowed submission so that no one gets away with spin and inhumanity to humanity. To scare away people from exposing crime against humanity, you plug them onto Islam, Alquaida or terrorism. Look, I am not the one who "CAUSED" the genocide in Rwanda and across DRC. Let those who caused and executed it live with the guilt and pathology. I am not the one who shot down Habyarimana's plane that triggered and incensed the Rwandese; who were threatened by invading countrymen, backed by Ugandan mercenaries .

...
written by Lakwena, February 03, 2010

My only concern is/was the anger, greed and carelessness with which every step was taken. In order words the unjust means to an unjust end. You see Mugisha, only fools without moral conscience will buy your reverse psychology. I know you will label this inciting the people. No. Intelligent people think and make judgment for themselves.