No cause for worry over oil waste

Government recognises the challenges in managing petroleum waste and the need to agree on a solution

On June 15, The Independent magazine published an article: `Living in fear of oil waste’. The article was rooted in the conservationist ideas usually advanced by NGOs and civil society organisations in the region.

It is important to note that the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) which oversees all environment matters in Uganda regulates the environment for sustainability and not for strict conservation purposes.

Conservationists believe that natural resources should not be touched. In fact, the oil and gas resources should be left under the ground where they belong. What does this approach mean for Uganda, a developing country with staggering needs such as health, education and infrastructure services to address?

The key word in managing environment and particularly the waste from petroleum activities is “sustainability”. NEMA’s slogan is “ensuring sustainable development.”

“Sustainable development” refers to development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

It is indeed no secret that Uganda’s Albertine Graben (AG) where the oil/gas resources are found is the most species rich eco-region for vertebrates in Africa and contains 39% of Africa’s mammal species, 51% of its bird species, 19% of its amphibian species and 14% of its plant and reptile species. National parks such as Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls and Semliki Game Reserve are found in this Graben. The overlap between the leading tourist destinations in Uganda and oil activities presents a potential for human, social-economic, cultural, atmospheric, aquatic, terrestrial and eco-systems impacts.

In the spirit of sustainable development, the Uganda government gave the mantle of managing and coordinating the petroleum sector to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), supported by other relevant departments such as NEMA, Fisheries, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) and Directorate of Water Resources Management (DWRM).

These institutions of government have the responsibility of ensuring that petroleum activities which fall within their mandates are managed well by the oil companies. In addition, joint regular inspections are carried out by these institutions to boost the inspections of the resident officers from the same departments in the Graben.

In that regard, Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts.

Many interventions have already been put in place to mitigate the negative impacts that the petroleum sector may have on the environment.

Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA); The SEA is a globally recognised tool used to complement planning at higher levels of government decision making. It provides; comprehensive assessment of environmental and other issues; a well structured public and government debate on these issues and a mechanism to take the results of assessment and debate into account.

SEA is thus used for providing guidance for developing conditions to ensure that oil and gas activities are undertaken in a manner that conserves the environment and biodiversity in the Albetine Graben area and beyond. The process of undertaking a SEA for the Albertine Graben is on-going and will be completed by the end of 2012.

A sensitivity atlas for the Albertine Graben has been developed. This atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

Movement schedule for oil/gas companies has been established in the parks to ensure tourists are not interrupted.

Awareness raising has been going on with local governments, lead agencies and stakeholders in the tourism industry.

Continuous monitoring of developers to ensure observation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements.

The process of oil flaring during well testing was stopped on environmental grounds in consideration of air quality. Crude oil from testing is containerised on site and plans of selling this crude oil to industry in the country are under preparation.

Routine monitoring by field offices from PEPD, NEMA and UWA is ongoing.

As NEMA, we refute the claims as contained in The Independent article and we state as follows:

Waste is not “dumped” at any location but rather contained securely in designated areas. The article failed to refer to the environmental safeguards that are in place at these locations including Ngara. These locations are not identified or gazetted by NEMA per se but rather identified by the oil companies and subsequently approved by NEMA after sufficient vetting which is done with the local leadership.

The article said “Government and companies work too closely...” It would be grossly wrong for regulators to give distance to the operators as it is important that regulators fully understand and follow all the activities being undertaken in the Graben. Otherwise, it is impossible to regulate from outside of the activities.

The claim that NEMA is housed in Tullow camps is false.

It is also not government (or NEMA) to procure waste management companies as this violates the waste management regulations. When necessary, independent contractors, certified by NEMA, shall be engaged by the oil companies to manage waste under the regulation of NEMA on behalf of government.

The issue of Buliisa not having a substantive District Environment Officer (DEO) is one that can only be addressed by the local government.

Government recognises the challenges in managing petroleum waste. These should be appreciated in the context of the oil exploration stage and they include; insufficient baseline scientific data to support approval of some developments, which is being addressed by ongoing studies; increased rainfall which increases the volume of waste and therefore the need to expedite the process of agreeing on a permanent solution to waste management.

Others are; lack of adequate number of personnel to monitor the whole Albertine Graben, which means institutions need to continue recruiting and training more field officers; and lack of sufficient knowledge of the sector by concerned stakeholders thus increased anxiety and expectations.

Naomi N. Karekaho, is Spokesperson/Public Relations Officer for National Environment Management Authority.

Bookmark

Email this

Comments (119) Add Comment

Subscribe to this comment's feed

Nice
written by micro switch, February 02, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

Thank you..
written by Wedding Table Numbers, February 06, 2013

Thank you for the truly great advertising content material. I feel like this item unique. I found the call for silence, the best you can save site advertising information. Keep it up!

Really i appreciate
written by deep house, February 08, 2013

Really i appreciate the effort you made to share the knowledge.The topic here i found was really effective to the topic which i was researching for a long time

Nice
written by UK survey company, February 09, 2013

Thank you for another essential article. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such a complete way of writing ? I have a presentation incoming week, and I am on the lookout for such information..

Thank you..
written by angeles city philippines, February 12, 2013

cash loan
written by cash loans, February 14, 2013

You can post on the order experience for the blog. You might forward it's mind busting. Your blog explication could skyrocket your viewers.

Excellent
written by short term bad credit loans, February 14, 2013

This is a good subject to talk about. Generally when I come across these sort of things I like to post them on Digg bad credit short term loans

Nice
written by best cash loans online, February 15, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

best cash loans
written by best cash loans, February 15, 2013

You should post on the examples for the blog. You can circulate it's special. Your blog beliefs could widen your traffic.

nice
written by cash loan lenders, February 15, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

Nice
written by best personal loans, February 15, 2013

thank you for the truly great advertising content material. I feel like this item unique. I found the call for silence, the best you can save site advertising information. Keep it up!

Thanks for taking..
written by http://betterhealthx.com/heartburn-no-more-review, February 20, 2013

Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain have to post..

I am very much overwhelmed..
written by One Source Talent, February 21, 2013

I am very much overwhelmed.. Such an informative session for me. Hope you will provide more informative post on this blog.

Really i appreciate..
written by Modeling Company, February 23, 2013

Really i appreciate the effort you made to share the knowledge.The topic here i found was really effective to the topic which i was researching for a long time

Really i appreciate..
written by bad credit checking account, February 26, 2013

Really i appreciate the effort you made to share the knowledge.The topic here i found was really effective to the topic which i was researching for a long time

I am very much overwhelmed..
written by credit cards with bad credit, February 26, 2013

I am very much overwhelmed.. Such an informative session for me. Hope you will provide more informative post on this blog.

Nice
written by software consultancy, February 27, 2013

The information
written by canC, February 28, 2013

The information and the detail were just perfect. I think that your perspective is deep, its just well thought out and really fantastic to see someone who knows how to put these thoughts down so well

Nice
written by go here, March 01, 2013

I have to say I am very impressed with the way you efficiently website and your posts are so informative. Can-C

Nice
written by Retractable Clothesline, March 01, 2013

This is great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post.

The information..
written by pennsylvania slip and fall attorneys, March 04, 2013

The information and the detail were just perfect. I think that your perspective is deep, its just well thought out and really fantastic to see someone who knows how to put these thoughts down so well

Nice
written by Mermaid Dresses, March 07, 2013

Thanks for the tips, maybe I can use this ended my tufted marketing and I’ve been use untold anulus media in run a interaction and they someone existing a big amend on me.

Nice
written by Mermaid Dresses, March 07, 2013

Nice
written by Reviews about bad credit loans, March 07, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

I am very much overwhelmed..
written by cashloans-badcredit.com, March 08, 2013

I am very much overwhelmed.. Such an informative session for me. Hope you will provide more informative post on this blog.

Nice
written by best personal loans for bad credit reviews, March 08, 2013

You can post on the order experience for the blog. You might forward it's mind busting. Your blog explication could skyrocket your viewers.

Nice
written by personalloansforbadcredit-review.com, March 08, 2013

This is what I was looking for. Thanks for sharing this great article! This is very interesting smile I love reading this informative information I was looking for!

Its important info..
written by best-same-day-loans.com, March 08, 2013

Its important info to all those who are interested in doing research. Thank you keep going

I just got
written by bad credit loans review online, March 09, 2013

This was a Fantastic Article..I really do appreciate this great information so much. This was really so great and helpful for me to read. This was so awesome to read.

This was a Fantastic Article..
written by bad credit loan lending companies reviews, March 09, 2013

This was a Fantastic Article..I really do appreciate this great information so much. This was really so great and helpful for me to read. This was so awesome to read.

Nice
written by get facebook likes, March 09, 2013

That is very interesting Smile I love reading and I am always searching for informative information like this. This is exactly what I was looking for. Thanks for sharing this great article

This is my first..
written by http://www.badcreditloansreviews.com/, March 09, 2013

As this conservationists believe that natural resources cause of oil.. nice to read about..

http://www.obd2word.de/10-ECU-Chip-Tunning
written by Galletto 1260, March 12, 2013

Good works good articles is really great, and I really like it! Thank you very much and I share their happiness! I also learned a lot!

Nice
written by visit, March 12, 2013

Really i appreciate the effort you made to share the knowledge.The topic here i found was really effective to the topic which i was researching for a long time

Nice
written by local classes and schools, March 12, 2013

Awareness raising has been going on with local governments, lead agencies and stakeholders in the tourism industry.

Pedro Trebbau Lopez
written by Pedro Trebbau Lopez, March 13, 2013

I am very happy to find this site. I wanted to thank you for this immense read!! I absolutely enjoying every petite bit of it and I have you bookmarked to test out new substance you post.

Nice
written by http://pimplesonscalp.org, March 14, 2013

This atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

We have examine your site post. I stood a obliging along with knowledgeable textile from side to side the blog page.it is a legit outstanding article.

Dr Usha Rajagopal
written by Dr Usha Rajagopal, March 14, 2013

Very nice and useful information. Why not write a book about this particular subject. For today’s economic variation and be short of of opportunities, it actually will be a very hot topic. Thanks a lot

Iancu Ciubotaru
written by Iancu Ciubotaru, March 14, 2013

This is just the information I am finding all over the place. I and my friend were in dispute about an issue alike to this! at the present I be acquainted with that I was correct. Thanks for sharing such an information. I just would like to subscribe your blog.

Jefferson Prep
written by Jefferson Prep, March 14, 2013

I was searching such type of informatics Article, According to me the content enclosed in the blog is become quiet imposing and radiantly conveyed. Excellent job and Immense efforts. Keep it.

My Search Results
written by My Search Results, March 14, 2013

Wow! You have a really grand post. It’s easy, to the peak and informative. I be thankful for your solid work and enthusiasm. Good luck and stay giving out your views.

W3i
written by W3i, March 14, 2013

I was Searching something and abruptly I visits your site often and recommended it to me to read also. Thanks for the imminent you make available for the readers. The writing style is greater and the content is pertinent.

I already heard
written by ερωτικα βοηθηματα, March 14, 2013

I already heard about this article as Government and companies work too closely. Thus again the same..

Josh Yudell
written by Josh Yudell, March 14, 2013

Outstanding post and magnificent blog, I actually like this kind of attractive articles please keep continue your work. I really love the premise/intend of your web site. Thanks.

The article is nice..
written by invoice factoring, March 15, 2013

The article is nice to know about some economical challenges and also about ugandas financial financial issue..

Nice
written by acompanhantes rio de janeiro, March 15, 2013

I am very happy to find this site. I wanted to thank you for this immense read!! I absolutely enjoying every petite bit of it and I have you bookmarked to test out new substance you post

Thanks for making..
written by orlando hookah, March 15, 2013

Thanks for making such a cool post about identified by the oil companies which is really very well written. .Keep blogging.

Nice
written by www.personalloanswithbadcreditreview.com, March 19, 2013

Ugandans need not..
written by cash loans online, March 20, 2013

Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management is really very sad to know..

Government recognises..
written by top online cash loans, March 20, 2013

Government recognises the challenges in managing petroleum waste and it is acceptable and great..

...
written by top personal loans with bad credit online, March 20, 2013

In that regard, Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts.

Nice
written by www.badcreditpersonalloansreview.com, March 20, 2013

sensitivity atlas for the Albertine Graben has been developed. This atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

These should..
written by online personal cash loans, March 20, 2013

These should be appreciated because overcome various issues governed by countries...

...
written by quick online cash loans review, March 20, 2013

Good to know about Sustainable development and its prefers some good benefits to all..

Nice
written by bad credit online loans, March 20, 2013

It is important to note that the National Environment Management Authority which oversees all environment matters in Uganda regulates the environment for sustainability and not for strict conservation purposes.

nice
written by cash loans online reviews, March 20, 2013

In that regard, Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts.

I know several..
written by no credit check cash loan companies, March 20, 2013

I know several useful things from this site about oil waste and thank for that..

Nice
written by metal hole punch, March 21, 2013

It is important to note that the National Environment Management Authority) which oversees all environment matters in Uganda regulates the environment for sustainability and not for strict conservation purposes.

comment
written by Dr Usha Rajagopal plastic surgeon , March 22, 2013

This is a really quality post.I find this information through Google Search engine. I read your Article very carefully it is really very information Article,I bookmarked your site. Thanks

...
written by CPA Content Locker, March 22, 2013

In that regard, Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts.

comment
written by Vienna Family Apartments, March 22, 2013

excellent post, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector do not notice this. You must proceed your writing. I’m confident, you have a great readers’ base already!

Leopoldo Alejandro Betancourt Lopez
written by derwickassociates13@gmail.com, March 22, 2013

You Have a really constructive blog, I have been here reading for concerning an hour.thank you for sharing this useful information and I will let know my friends as well

ceg tek
written by ceg tek, March 22, 2013

This blog is truly a bullion pit. I have been self-pitying on this for quite a little bit and here I am reading about it! I will in fact try these tips and let you know how they work out.

Jefferson Prep
written by Jefferson Prep, March 22, 2013

I was searching such type of informatics Article, According to me the content enclosed in the blog is become quiet imposing and radiantly conveyed. Excellent job and Immense efforts. Keep it.

My Search Results
written by My Search Results, March 22, 2013

Outstanding post.I am entirely impressed. I appreciate with It .Thanks for sharing this imperative information. Keep posting such an informatics post

comment
written by commercial catering equipment, March 22, 2013

Hi, I actually added your post in the list of my favorites. Looking forward for further updates on the same. Great Job, Keep it up. Keep blogging...

W3i
written by W3i, March 22, 2013

No doubt this is an exceptional post I got a bundle of knowledge after reading, best of luck. Theme of blog is admirable there is exactly everything to read, It is really radiant post.

The SEA is..
written by online movies, March 22, 2013

The SEA is a globally recognised tool means then why we have to hesitate..

...
written by french tutor Hong Kong, March 22, 2013

Advantageously, the article is really the best on this notable topic. I harmonize with your conclusions and will thirstily look forward to your approaching updates

comment
written by folding cages, March 22, 2013

Thanks so much with this fantastic new web site. I’m very fired up to show it to anyone. It makes me so satisfied your vast understanding and wisdom have a new channel for trying into the world.

comment
written by Plant hire, March 22, 2013

You're so cool! I don't think I've read anything like this before. So good to find somebody with some original thoughts on this subject. Thanks for starting this up.

The managing..
written by destin photographers, March 23, 2013

The managing environment and particularly the waste from petroleum activities are sustained but have to advance more things..

Nice
written by pc repair tucson, March 25, 2013

Yeah, that's actually nothing new. I usually just have the keyword in title and then i just write for the user only and right keywords naturally get into my content.

...
written by renault clip, March 27, 2013

Nous vendons la fraise dentaire au prix raisonnable csh

Thus we can..
written by Whitby Real Estate, March 28, 2013

Thus we can all procure waste management companies and reduce some waste stuffs..

...
written by Platform lift, March 28, 2013

Excellent writing with smart points, we've got been a lurker here for quite a jiffy however we have a tendency to hope to become rather more concerned within the future.

...
written by airport parking uk, March 28, 2013

This is the very good idea! Just want to say thank you for information, Just continue to the write such a position. I will be your faithful reader. Thank you again.

Nice
written by http://www.learnhowtoloseweightfast.net, March 29, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

Thats true...
written by kumpulan cerita lucu, March 29, 2013

Thats true about the conservationists believe that natural resources should not be touched

...
written by japanese car imports, March 30, 2013

Awareness raising has been going on with local governments, lead agencies and stakeholders in the tourism industry.

Pacific Capital Companies LLC
written by Pacific Capital Companies LLC, April 01, 2013

Hi Author, I just want to say thank you so much for the wonderful Post, I may be try to get your method, There is no any doubt that this is an excellent post I got a lot of knowledge after reading this Article, I am really very impressed with your work and hoping that you will be keep posting such type Articles.

These should be..
written by how do you get free followers on instagram, April 02, 2013

These should be appreciated in the context of the oil exploration stage and they include; insufficient baseline scientific data to support approval of some developments

Nice
written by http://bestcnaclasses.org, April 02, 2013

The key take home lesson for rulers, especially those faced with a huge legitimacy deficit, was that freedom and liberty had to be subordinated to order and stability.

The process of..
written by Karmaloop Free Shipping Codes, April 03, 2013

The process of undertaking a SEA is good thing and great stuff for all..

Nice
written by Cheap YouTube Views, April 04, 2013

This atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

Nice
written by Trade Schools USA, April 06, 2013

It is also not government to procure waste management companies as this violates the waste management regulations.

Nice
written by best lease deals, April 08, 2013

It refers to development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Ugandans need..
written by dr oz weight loss guide cambogia, April 08, 2013

Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because they have so many resources

These institutions..
written by http://serrurier-lyon69.fr/, April 10, 2013

These institutions of government have the responsibility of ensuring that petroleum activities..

Nice
written by http://www.whitensmilemore.com, April 10, 2013

But you know guys, have you ever considered adding more videos to your blog posts to keep the readers more entertained? I mean I just read through the entire article of yours and it was quite good but since I'm more of a visual learner

Nice
written by http://www.fatlossfactorreviewing.com/, April 10, 2013

I read science fiction/recent literature as entertainment. But to improve the quality of writing, read the masters. Can any one write a list of great writers to read..

The Strategic Environment..
written by http://www.easyonlinepaydayloan.com, April 11, 2013

The Strategic Environment Assessment have to recognize more and more...

Also the process..
written by http://boschdishwasherreviews.com/, April 12, 2013

Also the process of oil flaring during well testing was stopped on environmental grounds in consideration of air quality..

Nice
written by Forum Posting Service, April 12, 2013

I love the abercrombie outlet online very much.If you are looking for a good online store,just choose the abercrombie outlet to order the abercrombie outlet clothes you need.

...
written by scrapebox auto approve list, April 13, 2013

The information and the detail were just perfect. I think that your perspective is deep, its just well thought out and really fantastic to see someone who knows how to put these thoughts down so well

This statement is..
written by sniper games online, April 13, 2013

This statement is true that Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts.

Nice
written by Visit 4DentalAssistantSchools, April 13, 2013

Advantageously, the article is really the best on this notable topic. I harmonize with your conclusions and will thirstily look forward to your approaching updates

Nice
written by http://cheapsnoringsolution.com/, April 19, 2013

You can post on the order experience for the blog. You might forward it's mind busting. Your blog explication could skyrocket your viewe

Nice
written by http://www.ireplicabags.com/brands/Louis-Vuitton/, April 19, 2013

I am entirely impressed. I appreciate with It .Thanks for sharing this imperative information. Keep posting such an informatics post

...
written by reputation management, April 19, 2013

That the atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

Nice
written by http://megafiles.co, April 20, 2013

I hadn't thought about what something like the concerts of prayer might mean to before the revolution, but, of course, it was hugely important that Edwards was published and thought about in Scotland and England.

The government..
written by oakville dance, April 20, 2013

The government recognises the challenges in managing petroleum waste...

Interesting
written by best tablet, April 20, 2013

That is very interesting Smile I love reading and I am always searching for informative information like this. This is exactly what I was looking for. Thanks for sharing this great article

Nice
written by How Do You Get Free Followers on Instagram, April 23, 2013

thank you for that amazing article i'll post it in facebook to share it with my friends and i hope you add a facebook page for you site to help us to follow you articles

GOOD
written by serrurier bron, April 24, 2013

The information and the detail were just perfect. I think that your perspective is deep, its just well thought out and really fantastic to see someone who knows how to put these thoughts down so well.

The process of oil..
written by http://www.rushviews.com, April 24, 2013

The process of oil flaring during well testing was stopped on environmental grounds in consideration of air quality.

...
written by small business telephone systems, April 25, 2013

the concerts of prayer might mean to before the revolution, but, of course, it was hugely important that Edwards was published and thought about in Scotland and England.

hi
written by free movies online, April 25, 2013

think that your perspective is deep, its just well thought out and really fantastic to see someone who knows how to put these thoughts down so well.

Nice
written by http://bulk-fans.com/, April 26, 2013

...
written by http://www.toploansforpeoplewithbadcredit.com/, May 06, 2013

Your article expression is very clear, very nice, I hope you like the article that said everything is so beautiful, so simple, is worth to recommend.

...
written by saffronextractreviews, May 06, 2013

Ugandans need not worry about oil waste management because the required frameworks are being put in place to mitigate any possible negative impacts

This atlas..
written by http://quickeyespeedreading.com, May 08, 2013

This atlas provides an environmental data dictionary and will be utilised as a tool in risk assessment, clean up prioritisation and in selection of appropriate methods and tools of response.

real money casino
written by money casino, May 10, 2013

real money casino Reading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thanks for sharing!

...
written by pain behind the knee, May 10, 2013

It understand and follow all the activities being undertaken in the Graben. Otherwise, it is impossible to regulate from outside of the activities.

It would be grossly..
written by homeowners insurance quotes, May 10, 2013

It would be grossly wrong for regulators to give distance to the operators as it is important that regulators fully understand

Many interventions..
written by cercacasa.it, May 13, 2013

Many interventions have already been put in place to mitigate the negative impacts that the petroleum sector may have on the environment.

casino gratis
written by casino gratis, May 14, 2013

casino gratisReading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thanks for sharing! smilies/grin.gif

SEA is thus used..
written by pure saffron extract, May 15, 2013

Write comment

No cause for worry over oil waste

Podcasts

Videos

RECOMMENDED

MOST READ

LATEST COMMENTS